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EDITORIAL
WELCOME TO the second edition of
Transport which is produced by the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) on behalf of the
Overseas Development Administration (ODA). This edition contains a list of all current
transport related projects under ODA's Technology Development and Research (TDR)
programme. ODA are currently funding 26 projects in total, covering the TDR Theme
Objectives outlined in the first edition. Many of the projects involve a range of
professional expertise, including sociologists, environmentalists and economists, as well
as specialist engineers. ODA regard this multidisciplinary approach as essential in order
to promote longer term
sustainability.
One of ODA's Theme Objectives for
the transport sector is T1, Reduce accidents and increase road safety in rural and urban
areas, and six of the current TDR projects directly relate to this theme. A recent
ODA-funded study showed that of the half million deaths from road accidents world-wide
each year, about three quarters occur in the developing world. Whereas in Western Europe
the number of persons killed over the last seventeen years or so has decreased by about 25
per cent, in African countries there has been a 300 per cent increase, and in Asian
countries, a 200 per cent increase. The estimated cost of all road accidents taking place
in developing countries is about US$36 billion per annum.
Road safety is now being tackled by
ODA and international lending agencies, such as the World Bank and the Asian Development
Bank, by incorporating safety components into highway and urban sector projects. In all of
this work, multidisciplinary teams of engineers, behavioural scientists, traffic police,
vehicle safety specialists etc. are working closely with local institutions in order to
build up longer term sustainability in this field.
Transport would be pleased to hear
from readers with views, ideas and comments on this or any other topic.
Any views expressed are those of
the Editor and the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the ODA.
THE
NEW ODA NEWSLETTERS
The first issue of the new family
of newsletters, Transport, Water, Earthworks (Geoscience), Energy Efficiency and
Urbanisation, commissioned by the Engineering Division of the Overseas Development
Administration (ODA), was produced at the end of 1995. Their purpose is to inform about
current developments in the different sectors and to focus on the work supported by ODA's
Technology, Development and Research (TDR) programme.
First reactions to the new style
newsletters, which are provided free of charge by ODA, have been favourable with numerous
enquiries received for information and reports.
Different organisations have been
commissioned to produce the newsletters in May and November each year and articles
relevant to several themes may be reproduced in more than one newsletter, at the editor's
discretion.
Application for copy or for submission of articles should be made to the relevant editor,
whose details are given below.
DIARY
OF FORTHCOMING EVENTS
August 1996
COMPRAIL 96: Computer Aided Design, Manufacture and Operation in the Railway and Other
Advanced Mass Transit Systems,
21-23 August, Berlin.
Organiser: Wessex Institute of Technology, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1703 293223 Fax: +44 (0) 1703 292853
E-mail: cmi@uk.ac.rl.ib
September 1996
Roads 96 - Joint 18th ARRB Conference and Transit NZ Land Transport Symposium,
2-6 September, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Organiser: Hee Wee Tan/Margaret Holdsworth
Tel: +61 3 9881 1555 Fax: +61 3 9887 8104
24th European Transport Forum,
2-6 September, London.
Organiser: PTRC
Tel:+44 (0)181 741 1516 Fax: +44 (0)181 741 5993
E-mail: PTRC@cityscape.co.uk
PIARC International Seminar on
Bridge Engineering and Management in Asian Countries,
10-13 September, Jakarta.
Contact: Dr. Pantana Rantetoding.
Tel: +62 22 7802052 Fax: +62 22 7802726
October 1996
CityTrans/Intertraffic China '96,
16-19 October, Beijing.
Contact: William Lim.
Tel: +65 297 2822 Fax: +65 292 7577
Email: mpconven@singnet.com.sg
Second National Conference on
Women's Travel Issues,
October 24-25, Baltimore, USA.
Contact: Dr. Sandi Rosenbloom
Tel: +1 508 623 1223 Fax: +1 520 623 1705
Email: rosenblo@aruba.ccit.arizona.edu
2nd International Conference on
Asian Road
Safety Evaluation and Priorities,
28-31 October, Beijing.
Organiser: Public Works Research Institute
Tel: +81 298 64 2211 Fax: +81 298 64 2148
International Bicycle Conference,
28 October-1 November, Freemantle, Australia.
Organiser: Promaco Conventions Pty Ltd
Tel: +61 9 364 8311 Fax: +61 9 316 1453
E-mail: promaco@cleo.murdoch.edu.au
November 1996
IRF Asia & Pacific Regional Meeting on The Role of Transportation in Economic
Development,
17-22 November, Taipei.
Contact: IRF Asia-Pacific Regional Organizing Committee. Tel/Fax: +886 2 3629162
Intertraffic Middle East 96,
24-26 November 1996, Dubai.
Contact: Michiel V.R. Raasveld, Dubai RAI
P.O. Box 9225, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
January 1997
Transport Research Board 76th Annual Meeting
12-16 January, Washington DC.
Contact: Rosa Allen Tel: +1 202 334 2935
Fax: +1 202 334 2299 Email: RAllen@nas.edu
THE
IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT SERVICES IN IMPROVING RURAL ACCESSIBILITY
Academics and donors have long
argued that building roads in rural areas promotes development through improved access to
markets; health and educational facilities; the generation of alternative income sources;
and better information flows. The assumption being that the supply of transport services,
such as freight and passenger movement, would naturally follow new road construction. As a
result, little attention was paid to the mechanism by which these essential transport
services would be provided. Consequently, rural transport services in developing countries
have often been unreliable and prohibitively expensive.
To address some of these issues, a
three year ODA funded research programme at Silsoe College was established in 1993.
Surveys were conducted in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Ghana and Zimbabwe using
'participatory techniques of rapid rural appraisal'. The research findings suggest that
transport services in the African countries studied were less reliable and more expensive
than those provided in Asian countries. For example, transport charges for the movement of
agricultural produce were typically between 2 and 5 times higher in the African countries.
It is apparent that low vehicle
numbers and vehicle diversity are a major factor in explaining high transport charges in
Africa. This leads to operational inefficiency and unreliable services. The findings
suggest that an efficient rural transport system requires a smooth transition from human
and animal powered vehicles to simple motorised and then to conventional motorised
vehicles. In some parts of Africa there is a large gap in vehicle choice between
headloading and conventional transport vehicles.
A computer based diagnostic system
has been developed to aid in the selection of appropriate transport vehicles and to make
recommendations on interventions to improve the efficiency of rural
transport systems. This allows an integrated approach to the provision of transport
services and planning of rural roads.
For further information contact:
Dr Peter Crossley, School of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Cranfield University.
Fax: +44 (0)1525 863366
ODA Project Reference R6239
'Rural Transport Research Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa'
Theme Objective T3
REHABILITATING
CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
In the Philippines and other
developing countries with a tradition of building roads with Portland cement concrete,
there is now a considerable network of ageing roads needing rehabilitation.
The traditional method of treating these roads is to neglect them until the ride becomes
severely impaired and then to break out the old concrete and replace it with new.
Frequently these repairs are over relatively small areas and are carried out using the
minimum of equipment. The resulting repair is of poor quality and fails relatively
quickly.
An ODA-funded research programme
between TRL and the Philippine Department of Highways has been designed to improve this
situation by addressing the problem of concrete quality, using indigenous materials, and
investigating alternative methods of rehabilitation. Concrete mix designs are being
prepared and evaluated in the laboratory and trials are being constructed using concrete
overlays.
Even badly damaged concrete
pavements have a valuable residual bearing capacity, as is borne out by the fact that they
continue to carry heavily laden lorries. In order to utilise this, the old pavement needs
to be retained and another layer constructed over it to restore the ride and increase the
pavement strength. To be successful, the overlay needs to be separated from the old
pavement, otherwise cracks and joints may reflect through the new overlay and cause early
failure. A number of unbound fine materials and bituminous bound materials have been used
in small scale trials, together with the 'crack and seat' method. As a result of these,
full scale trials have been designed, using the most successful methods. These trials,
covering approximately five kilometres of old concrete, are due to be constructed later in
1996.
In addition to these controlled
experiments, measurements are also to be made on other reconstruction and rehabilitation
projects. These will also provide information on both the relative costs of the techniques
used and eventually, the expected service lives under different traffic loading. Handbooks
will be produced describing the various successful techniques and institutional
strengthening of both the Ministry and local contractors achieved through training
activities.
For further information contact:
John Parry, Overseas Centre, TRL
Fax: +44 (0)1344 770719
ODA Project Reference R5602
'PC Concrete Pavements'
Theme Objective T2
MAKING CONCRETE
FROM LOCAL MATERIALS
GIFFORD and Partners are preparing
a Manual of Concrete Design suitable for use with the materials and techniques available
in developing countries. Local materials are often of low quality and their performance in
practice may be unrecorded. Allowance must therefore be made when proportioning and
designing concrete mixes. However, designs are invariably to the requirements of British
or American Standards which were developed for use under different conditions, and their
imposition to concrete made from local materials can pose problems. Moreover, the
environment in regions such as the Gulf is very aggressive and especially durable concrete
is required.
The Manual will provide guidelines
on how to proportion mixes and make good concrete from a variety of local materials. In
doing this, it is necessary to recognise the need for compromise in order to specify
outputs that can be achieved. The Manual will be in two parts: a more detailed version for
the office and a 'pocket book' covering everyday activities, to be used on site.
For further information contact: Dr
G P Tilly, Gifford and Partners
Fax: +44 (0)1703 813462
INTERNATIONAL STUDY OF HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT
AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Improving investment decisions in
the future and making the best use of scarce resources for the benefit of the greatest
number of people is as vital for the transport sector as for other sectors. An
international study has been designed to address this problem, funded by ODA, the Asian
Development Bank, the World Bank, the Swedish National Highway Administration and the
Federacion Interamericano del Cemento (FICEM), with other organisations providing staff
and resources to assist in various aspects of the work.
The objective of the study is to
develop a much improved and expanded version of the World Bank's HDM-3 (Highway Design and
Maintenance Standards Model), able to deal with a wider range of pavement structures
including concrete roads. It will also include traffic congestion effects, non-motorised
transport, road safety, environmental considerations and energy efficiency.
ODA's contribution has been, and
continues to be, central to the study. Indeed, the initial field studies carried out by
TRL in the early 1970's which led to the first operational versions of HDM and RTIM (Road
Transport Investment Model) were funded jointly by ODA and the World Bank, and since that
time ODA has continued to support research in this area.
The software for the model is being
developed, under an ODA project, by a team based at the University of Birmingham which
acts as a focus for all the satellite studies, with a secretariat which coordinates inputs
and disseminates the results of the studies for international review. An International
Steering Committee chaired by the World Bank manages the project, and information
concerning progress, and news of forthcoming events such as workshops and conferences, is
issued regularly by the Birmingham secretariat.
Phase 2 has now been planned and
approved, with emphasis on (a) testing and validation, (b) dissemination and training, and
(c) research and development on selected topics requiring further investigation.
Documentation will also be updated to ensure a product that is appropriate for release to
the user community. In the second half of 1996, pre-release versions of the HDM-4 software
and analysis framework will be shared with a limited number of potential users for a
programme of thorough field-testing and feedback prior to full release in 1997.
For further information contact: Dr
H R Kerali, Project Co-ordinator, International Study of HDM, School of Civil Engineering,
The University of Birmingham. Fax +44 (0)121 4143675.
Email: kerali@bham.ac.uk
ODA Project Reference R5463
'International Road Investment Appraisal Study'
Theme Objective T2
THE
MART INITIATIVE
AT THE end of 1995 the Management
of Appropriate Road Technology (MART) initiative joined with the International Labour
Office (ILO) to sponsor a workshop in Zimbabwe on the promotion of labour-based road
contracting, which was attended by 30 international specialists. The outcome was a
framework document entitled Towards guide-lines for labour-based contracting, which will
be issued as MART Working Paper No. 1.
MART is also linking with the World
Road Association (PIARC), which is seeking to increase its impact on the needs of
developing countries including training and the improved use of local resources in road
maintenance and rehabilitation. Robert Petts, MART Project Manager, has been elected to
PIARC Committee C3 (Technological Exchanges and Development) and Derek Miles, MART Project
Director, to Committee C6 (Road Management).
The new link with the World Road
Association will help to ensure that the majority of developing countries have access to
the results of the MART initiative.
For further information contact
Derek Miles, Director, Institute of Development Engineering, Loughborough University.
Fax: +44 (0) 1509 211079
ODA Project Reference R6238
'Management of Appropriate Road Technology'
Theme Objective T2
SOCIO-ECONOMIC COSTS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
The Ross Silcock Consultancy, in
conjunction with TRL, are examining on behalf of ODA, the socio-economic costs of road
accidents throughout the developing world. This entails discovering which sectors of
society are most affected by road accidents, and the economic cost to the country in terms
of lost production. Within the continents of South America, Africa and Asia, surveys have
been conducted in hospitals in a number of developing countries to collect data.
In order to identify the magnitude
of the road accident problem in developing countries, use has been made of published
material from a variety of sources (UN demographic yearbook, International Road Federation
(IRF) handbooks etc.). Existing information indicates that about three-quarters of the
annual 500,000 road accident deaths occur in the developing world, and that out of the
global road accident cost of around US$230 billion, the cost to developing countries is
estimated to be US$36 billion. As has been shown with previous analyses, some developing
countries have very high road accident fatality rates, for example, Ethiopia has over 150,
and Nepal over 70 deaths for every 10,000 licensed vehicles. Conversely, countries of
Northern Europe, e.g Great Britain, Norway and Sweden, have less than 2 deaths per 10,000
licensed vehicles.
For further information contact:
Caroline Ghee, Ross Silcock Partnership. Fax: +44 (0)191 261 8340
ODA Project Reference R6237
'Socio Economic Costs of Road Accidents'
Theme Objective T1
RESEARCH ON FREIGHT OPERATIONS IN AFRICA
Under ODA's Technology Development
and Research programme, Mott MacDonald and TRL were awarded a contract to study ways in
which freight transport costs can be reduced in African countries. This foillows earlier
research by TRL and others which indicated that long distance freight operating costs in
some African countries were between four to six times higher than in countries of Asia.
Throughout Africa there are
currently about three million trucks and total expenditure on road freight transport is in
the region of US$40 billion per year (equivalent to about 11 per cent of total GNP). Hence
a possible saving in freight costs of about 10 per cent could be worth a considerable US$4
billion per annum.
Detailed studies are now being
undertaken in Tanzania to help formulate policies which will reduce the cost of freight
operations. For comparative purposes similar studies are also being undertaken in
Indonesia where results obtained should strengthen information on freight operations in
Asia. African countries will be able to make use of the lessons learnt from this study,
and hopefully reduce freight transport costs, thus improving the efficiency of the
industry.
For further information contact:
Robert Mansfield, Mott MacDonald
Fax: +44 (0)1962 863224
ODA Project Reference R6240
'Reducing the Cost of Freight in Africa'
Theme Objective T4
ROAD SAFETY IN THE ESCAP REGION
THE UNITED Nations Economic and
Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) has almost 60 member countries ranging
from Armenia and Iran in the west, to Tonga in the Pacific. Differences between members
are more than just geographical; the region contains some of the poorest countries in the
world (e.g. Nepal) as well as some of the richest (e.g. Japan). Population of members
ranges from just a few thousand in many of the Pacific Islands, to the huge populations of
China and India.
ESCAP has commissioned the Ross
Silcock consultancy in conjunction with TRL to review the road safety situation in the
Region. This involves both an analysis of existing data and the use of a detailed
questionnaire sent to each of the member countries.
Preliminary analyses have
concentrated on published data and have highlighted the extent of the road accident
situation within the Region. Further analyses will concentrate on the questionnaire data,
and it is hoped that this will reveal key elements of the road safety problem. The
findings will enable policy makers in the Region to make sound investments in road safety
and thereby minimise some of the costs of road accidents (currently around US$60 billion
per annum in the ESCAP Region).
For further information contact:
Caroline Ghee, Ross Silcock Partnership.
Fax: +44 (0)191 261 834
URBAN
TRANSPORT ADVISER IN GHANA
For the last 2 years Phil Fouracre
of the Overseas Centre, TRL, has been working as an Urban Transport Adviser to the
Ministry of Transport and Communication, Ghana. He is presently funded by the World Bank
as part of an urban sector loan but ODA is funding a parallel research research project on
the development of an urban transport database which is hoped will be of use as an input
to a Geographical Information System (GIS).
The advisory work, which continues
for a further 12 months, is mainly concerned with road rehabilitation, traffic management
and policy development with an important emphasis on the needs of the urban poor and the
role of non-motorised transport. As part of this project it is anticipated that a network
of cycleways will be built, together with access roads, into some of the poorer
residential areas of Accra.
For further information contact:
Dave Maunder, Overseas Centre, TRL
E-mail: dmaunder@trl.co.uk
SUSTAINING
DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM
Highway Investment and Maintenance
Last year the Scott Wilson
Kirkpatrick consultancy was awarded a contract by ODA to carry out an 18-month study on
Highway Investment and Maintenance for National and Provincial roads in Vietnam. The local
coordinating organisation in Vietnam is the Ministry of Transport and Communications, but
with the Vietnamese Roads Administration and Vietnamese Transport Institute also playing
important roles. The main objectives of the study are to:
- recommend a 10-year programme of
road, bridge and ferry investments and maintenance
- estimate the appropriate budget
needs for road maintenance and administration
- determine the optimum balance
between investments and maintenance on the basis of assessed expenditure priorities under
alternative multi-period budget scenarios.
TRL have assisted on various
aspects of the project including pavement design, road safety, and problems associated
with non-motorised transport, such as their integration with motorised forms.
For further information contact: Mr
Lindsay Thomas,
Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick. Fax: +44 (0)1256 460582
Email: lmthomas@swk.europe.com
Bridge rehabilitation
Vietnam has one of the fastest
growing economies in southeast Asia and there is an urgent need to upgrade its highway
infrastructure to cope with the increasing traffic loading.Fifteen months ago the ODA
commissioned Taywood Engineering, Babtie and TRL to establish and institutionally
strengthen a Bridge Testing and Assessment Unit within the Vietnamese Ministry of
Transport and Communications.
A Bridge Inspection and Management
System has been established, and training in the UK and Vietnam provided for senior
managers and engineers in bridge inspections, the use of the Bridge Management System
(BRIDGEMAN), and in the design of repairs and strengthening techniques. The consortium has
held two Bridge Inspection Courses in Vietnam and training continues in the use of load
testing of bridges. A draft inspection and repair manual has been issued, in both
Vietnamese and English, which it is hoped will form the basis of a detailed guidance note
for bridge inspection in Vietnam in the future.
For further information contact:
Richard Woodward, Civil Engineering (Bridges), TRL
Email: rwoodward@trl.co.uk
BOOK REVIEWS
Highway and traffic engineering in
developing countries
Edited by Bent Thagesen
Published 1996 by E & FN Spon
This recently published book
provides a 'one-stop shop' of information for all those working in the highways sub-sector
in developing countries. It is written in 25 chapters, covering highway planning, traffic,
geometric design, drainage, pavements, construction, maintenance and development
assistance. The editor, who is Professor of Highway Engineering at the Danish Technical
University, has drawn together contributions from a number of authors, who are known
internationally in relevant fields. It provides a comprehensive textbook on the subject.
The book recognises that developing
countries have different natural
conditions to those of industrialised countries in temperate climates. Its coverage of
traditional highway engineering subjects of planning, design and construction reflects
this. Moreover, its focus reflects the fact that the institutional and financial
situations are also likely to be very different in the countries of interest. It is
refreshing to see subjects such as user behaviour and safety, maintenance management,
development assistance, institutional strengthening and training covered. This sets the
book apart from others on the subject.
The book draws heavily on TRL's
research and publications funded under ODA's TDR programme, but has included additional
material that is based on project experience from consultants and contractors working in
the field. The result is a practical and authoritative text that will be of wide use to
practitioners and students alike.
Reviewed by Richard Robinson,
Independent Consultant.
Engineering in emergencies - A
practical guide for relief workers
by Jan Davis and Robert Lambert
Published by IT Publications on behalf of RedR, 1995
The Foundation of RedR (Register of
engineers for disaster relief) in the early 1980's was stimulated by the need for
qualified, motivated engineers to work for relief agencies in disaster situations. Since
its foundation, RedR has supplied engineers for several hundred assignments with over 20
agencies worldwide. Its profile has risen dramatically in the last 5 years following the
plight of the Kurds in the aftermath of the Gulf war, and more recently the crisis in
Rwanda.
The book, funded in part by the ODA
for RedR, is aimed at engineers in disaster situations and covers all aspects of disaster
relief work in which they may be involved. The early chapters discuss the various aspects
common to disaster emergencies and the way in which the international relief agencies
operate in response to such circumstances. The book therefore provides invaluable guidance
to engineers who probably have little experience of providing humanitarian assistance in
emergencies.
Moving through the various
management and logistical issues, the authors then address technical aspects of disaster
relief work. A major contribution of engineers comes in providing safe water and
sanitation in situations where vast numbers of people exist in overcrowded areas with
little infrastructure. Moreover, engineers are often required to ensure that access to
camps is available and so chapters on roads, simple bridges and the planning of refugee
camps are provided. The chapter on roads and bridges draws extensively on guidelines
developed at TRL under ODA's TDR programme.
Reviewed by Chris Parkman, TRL.
ODA'S
CURRENT TDR PROJECTS
R5591 Transport Planning Road
Investment Modelling
To improve the procedures for carrying out investment appraisal of road projects and to
provide easily used tools for implementation.
R5594 Vehicles and the Environment;
Air Pollution From Vehicles
Studies of methods to reduce the environmental impact of traffic including the development
of vehicle inspection and testing to provide technical and policy guidelines.
R5602 PC Concrete Pavements
An experimental programme to improve the performance of Portland cement concrete pavements
in the poorer developing countries through better design construction and maintenance and
to develop suitable techniques for repair and rehabilitation
R5604 Arid Area Construction
Techniques
To develop methods of construction in arid areas using soils and other engineering
materials at low moisture content to reduce the requirements for water and thereby
reducing road construction costs and conserving local water supplies.
R5605 Unbound Granular Materials
Developing methods for testing natural gravels in the developing world for new
specifications to build low volume roads economically.
R5612 Bituminous Materials - Their
Improvement and Use for Road Building
To improve the design of premixed bituminous materials, bituminous surface treatments and
other bituminous layers to better withstand the conditions of the tropics and thereby to
reduce overall road network costs.
R5613 Road Safety Accident Data
Collection and Analysis
To build up knowledge and understanding of the road accident situation in developing
countries and monitor trends. Develop appropriate accident investigation systems and
manuals for use by policy makers and road safety personnel.
R5614 Road Safety Development and
Evaluation of Engineering Countermeasures
To build up knowledge and understanding of the role played by physical planning and
geometric design factors in road accidents to develop and evaluate low-cost engineering
improvements; and to produce guidelines and manuals for engineers and planners.
R6016 Traffic Signal Control
Strategy
To develop guidelines on effective strategies for urban traffic control (UTC) in urban
areas, with emphasis an function control, pedestrian facilities and priorities for public
transport.
R6017 Traffic Database and Audit
To determine the effectiveness of relatively inexpensive traffic management and
engineering techniques to improve traffic flow in cities in the developing world.
R6019 Planning For Women and
Transport
The development, through research, of guidelines on the understanding and planning for the
urban travel needs of women.
R6020 Natural Gravels for Road
Building
Improved technologies for the use of natural gravels in road construction, including the
use of cement or lime stabilisation for improved performance and lower life costs reduced
construction costs and improved energy efficiency.
R6022 Materials Database for the
SADC Region of Southern Africa
The development of a database of naturally occurring materials suitable for civil
engineering within the SADC region to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of site
investigations, feasibility studies, project design, construction environmental
protection, and maintenance.
R6023 Rehabilitation of Roads with
Bituminous Surfacings
To develop cost effective methods of rehabilitating roads displaying different types of
deterioration in tropical climates and to develop appropriate specifications,
methodologies and guidelines thereby providing the technology to reduce overall costs.
R6024 Road Network Management
The development of a set of practical guidelines for the management of paved road networks
using modern road management techniques to reduce total transport costs.
R6025 Slope Maintenance and
Protection
To minimise the destructive effects of instability on roadside slopes embankments and
cuttings by developing a rational method of planning and programming slope maintenance and
developing slope protection methods appropriate for tropical climates.
R6026 Environmental Impact of Road
Construction
To specify and quantify the physical environmental damage caused by road construction in
fragile terrains and to prepare guidelines for mitigation.
R6027 The Design of Stabilised
Sub-bases for Very Heavy Traffic
To develop material specifications for stabilised sub- base layers suitable for roads in
extreme tropical climates and with very high traffic loads to improve the performance of
roads and reduce whole life costs.
R6028 Accident Data Collection and
Analysis: Sub-Saharan Africa
To build up knowledge and understanding of the road accident situation in developing
countries and monitor trends. Develop appropriate accident investigation systems and
manuals for use by policy makers and road safety personnel.
R6029 Road Safety Development and
Evaluation of Educational Programmes
To reduce pedestrian accidents and injuries by developing and evaluating appropriate road
safety education programmes based on local problem diagnosis.
R6235 Manual of Concrete Design
Using Local Materials
To address problems caused when local
materials are used in conjunction with North European standards. The manual will be based
on recent research and will provide practical guidelines on how to achieve good quality
concrete.
R6236 Pedestrian Accidents/
Vulnerability in Developing Countries
The identification of pedestrian accident rates and causes in developing countries and to
recommend design procedures and road safety issues to address the high occurrence of
pedestrian accidents.
R6237 Socio Economic Cost of Road
Accidents
To assess, quantify and qualify the economic and social costs of road accidents.
R6238 Management of Appropriate
Road Technology
Sustainable improvements in road construction and maintenance through the optimum use of
local resources and skills, the effective use of the private sector and the application of
good management practices in both contracting and employing organisations.
R6239 Rural Transport Research
Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa
This programme increases understanding of key transport problems contributing to and
perpetuating rural poverty in sub-saharan Africa. Policy-makers and development planners
will be better equipped to tackle these problems.
R6240 Reducing the Cost of Freight
in Africa
Reduce the cost of transporting freight in Africa by undertaking a detailed comparison of
the costs of moving freight in Africa and Asia.
For further information contact:
Engineering Division, ODA
RECENT
PUBLICATIONS
Books
DAVIS, J and R LAMBERT (1995).
Engineering in Emergencies - A practical guide for relief workers. Published by IT
Publications on behalf of RedR, 1995. (IT Publications Ltd) ISBN 1-85339-222-7
MORRIS, M J (1995). Earth Roads: A
practical manual for the provision of access for agricultural and forestry projects in
developing countries (2nd Edition). Published by Avebury, 1995. (Ashgate Publishing Ltd).
ISBN 1-85628-989-3
THAGESEN, B (Editor) (1996).
Highway and traffic engineering in developing countries. Published by E & F N Spon,
1996.
(Chapman & Hall). ISBN 0-419-209530-6
Papers
AERON-THOMAS, A and G D JACOBS
(1995). The relationship between accident rates and geometric design in developing
countries. International Forum on Road Safety Research, Bankok, Thailand, October 1995.
(PA3129/95) (TRL)
BAGULEY, C J and M SHAFII MUSTAFA
(1995). Engineering approaches to reversing a worsening road accident trend in Malaysia.
International Forum on Road Safety Research, Bankok, Thailand, October 1995.
(PA3090/95) (TRL)
ELLIS, S and J L HINE (1995). The
transition from non-motorised to motorised modes of transport. 7th World Conference on
Transportation Research, Sydney, Australia, July 1995. (PA3144/96) (TRL)
GARDNER, G (1996). Decision making
and large transport infrastructure projects. CODATU VII Conference, New Delhi, India,
February 1996. (PA3143/96) (TRL)
GARDNER, G (1995). Technology
options for medium sized cities. Conference '20x20' Vision, University of Ulster, UK.
April 1995. (PA1354/95) (TRL)
GARDNER, G, P R FOURACRE and J C
RUTTER (1995). The use of geographical information systems for traffic monitoring and
planning. United Nations Conference on Geographical Information Systems, Cairo, Egypt,
December 1995. (PA3104/95) (TRL)
HILLS, B L, C J BAGULEY and G D
JACOBS (1996). Engineering approaches to accident reduction and prevention in developing
countries. CODATU VII Conference, New Delhi, India, February 1996. (PA3141/96) (TRL)
HINE, J L, A BARTON, C GUOJING and
W WENLONG (1995). The scope for improving the efficiency of road freight transport in
China. 7th World Conference on Transport Research, Sydney, Australia, July 1995.
(PA3128/95) (TRL)
JACOBS, G D and C J BAGULEY (1995).
Towards a strategy for improving road safety in Developing Countries. International
Seminar on Road Safety, BRTA, Dhaka, Bangladesh, October 1995. (PA3089/95) (TRL)
MAUNDER, D A C and T C MBARA
(1995). The effects of Government participation on stage-bus performance in Harare,
Zimbabwe. Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, Vol 34 No2, pp 59-79. (PA3130/95)
(TRL)
MBARA, T C, and D A C MAUNDER
(1996). The initial effects of introducing commuter omnibus services in Harare, Zimbabwe.
CODATU VII Conference, New Delhi, India, February 1996. (PA3107/95) (TRL)
RAO, P C and T C PEARCE (1996).
Black smoke emissions and fuel consumption. CODATU VII Conference, New Delhi, India,
February 1996. (PA3142/96) (TRL)
RUTTER, J C (1996). Environmental
criteria for the selection of mass transit options for developing cities. CODATU VII
Conference, New Delhi, India, February 1996. (PA3105/95) (TRL)
UMAR, R S, G M MACKAY and B L HILLS (1995). Preliminary analysis of exclusive motorcycle
lanes along the federal highway F02, Shah Alam, Malaysia. IATSS Research vol. 19 No 2.
1995. (PA3136/96) (TRL)
For copies of the above
publications, please contact the relevant organisation - indicated in brackets
NEWSLETTER
EDITORS
Transport
Linda Parsley, Overseas Centre, Transport Research Laboratory, Old Wokingham Road,
Crowthorne, Berks,
RG45 6AU, UK.
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Email: lparsley@trl.co.uk
Earthworks
Dr John Bennett, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)115 936 3465, Fax: +44 (0)115 936 3474
Email: j.bennett@bgs.ac.uk
Energy Efficiency
Dr Andrew Gilchrist, ETSU, Harwell, Oxon OX11 ORA, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1235 433589 Fax: +44 (0)1235 433727
Email: andy.gilchrist@aeat co.uk
Urbanisation
Dr Andrew Cotton, Water, Energy and Development Centre, Loughborough University,
Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1509 222885, Fax: +44 (0)1509 211079
Email: wedc@lut.ac.uk
Water
Geoff Pearce, Overseas Development Unit, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxon
OX10 8BA, UK.
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Email: odunit@hrwallingford.co.uk
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