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EDITORIAL
Welcome to new and existing readers
of Transport, the newsletter produced by the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) on behalf
of the Department for International Development (DFID), the British Government's Aid
Department, to disseminate information on research and development projects in the
transport sector. This edition does not concentrate on any specific theme or topic but
brings the reader up to date on current activities on a wide range of transport issues.
A list of transport research
projects currently funded by DFID is given on page 6. Historically, these have been known
as Technology Development and Research Projects (TDRs) but in 1998 are now classified
under the new name of Knowledge and Research projects (KARs). If the reader requires
further information on any of the projects listed he or she should contact the relevant
project manager whose name is given with each project. However, it should be noted that
most of the projects are ongoing and therefore it is likely that published reports or
outputs are not yet available.
It is clearly important that
research findings are disseminated as widely as possible and this edition reports on
training initiatives by the World Bank and DFID and the launch of two new UK postgraduate
courses.
DFID are interested to know of the
take-up of their research results and the editor or project managers would be pleased to
hear from you if you have examples of where the results of DFID funded research have been
shown to be beneficial.
Any views expressed are those of
the Editor and the individual contributors and not necessarily those of DFID.
Do you like it?
How do you enjoy this newsletter? Is it providing you with the information you want on
DFID projects? We would appreciate you writing (letter, fax or E-mail) to tell us what you
would like and if you feel there is anything missing. The Editor's address is on the back
page.
This newsletter is available free
of charge, aimed at those who are interested in Transport related issues in the developing
world. To be included on the mailing list for future editions, please send your name and
address to the editor or use the application form now available on the TRL World Wide Web
Home Page: http://www.trl.co.uk/orcmail.htm
To optimise the dissemination
process, it is important that this newsletter is reaching the right people. Please inform
the editor of changes in address details or if you no longer want to remain on the mailing
list.
DIARY
OF FORTHCOMING EVENTS
June 1998
International Conference on Transport and Regional Development (CONTRA-98)
9-11 June 1998, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Contact: Dr Danang Parikesit, CONTRA-98.
Tel: +62 274 902 246, Fax: +62 274 512 796,
Email: dan-dan@indo.net.id
Road Management for Senior Engineers
15-26 June 1998, Worthing, UK.
Course organised by: Crown Agents/SWK/TRL.
Contact: Crown Agents. Tel: +44 (0)181 643 3311,
Fax: +44 (0)181 770 7448.
Modified Binder, Special Bitumen & Additives - PIARC Conference
17-19 June 1998, Italy
Contact: LCPC. Tel: +33 240 845 815,
Fax: +33 240 845 997,
Email: jean-francois.corte@lcpc.fr
Appropriate Technology Roadworks for Developing Countries
22-26 June 1998, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK.
Course organised by Intech Associates and TRL. Contact: Linda Parsley, TRL. Tel: +44
(0)1344 770551, Fax: +44 (0)1344 770719,
Email: lparsley@trl.co.uk
TRL Roads and Transport in Developing Countries and Emerging Nations
29 June -10 July 1998, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK.
Course organised by TRL. Contact: Linda Parsley, TRL. Tel: +44 (0)1344 770551,
Fax: +44 (0)1344 770719, Email: lparsley@trl.co.uk
July 1998
Bearing Capacity of Roads & Airfields;
5th International Conference BCRA Ô98
6-8 July 1998, Trondheim, Norway
Organiser: SEVU Congress Department.
Fax: +47 73 595 150.
8th World Conference on Transport Research
12-17 July 1998, Antwerp, Belgium.
Organised by Antwerp University.
Contact: Viviane De Wacker, WCTR-S.
Tel: +32 3 220 4174, Fax: +32 3 220 4026,
Email: dse.dewacker.v@alpha.ufsia.ac.be
International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies
27-29 July 1998, Beijing, P R China.
Contact: Dr B. Mao, School of Traffic and Transportation, Northern Jiatong University,
Beijing 100044, PR China.
September 1998
International Conference on Transportation into the Next Millennium
9 September 1998, Singapore.
Organiser: Nanyang Technological University.
Tel: +81 65 799 4723, Fax: +81 65 793 0997,
Email: wwwcts@ntu.edu.sg
Concrete roads; 8th International Symposium
13-16 September 1998, Lisbon, Portugal.
Organiser: ATIC. Tel: +351 1 354 7538,
Fax: +351 1 352 5095.
CODATU; 8th International Conference
21-25 September 1998, Cape Town, South Africa.
Contact: Christian Jamet, President CODATU Scientific Committee. Tel: +33 472 047 701,
Fax: +33 472 047 702, Email: codatu@entpe.fr
October 1998
Managing and Financing Rural Transport
12 -23 October 1998, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK.
Course organised by TRL. Contact: Linda Parsley, TRL. Tel: +44 (0)1344 770551,
Fax: +44 (0)1344 770719, Email: lparsley@trl.co.uk
December 1998
Investing in Transport; 19th ARRB Conference
6 December 1998, Sydney, Australia.
Contact: ARRB Transport Research.
Tel: +61 398 811 578, Fax: +61 398 878 104,
Email: marghu@arrb.org.au
TRL
EMAIL ADDRESS
An Email address is now available
for general inquiries to TRL Overseas Centre: International_Enquiries@trl.co.uk. Individuals can still be contacted directly.
INTERNET
The DFID World Wide Web Home Page can be found at: http://www.oneworld.org/dfid
The text of the latest DFID Transport newsletter can be found on the TRL Overseas WWW Home
Page: http://www.trl.co.uk/oseas.htm
LOW COST STRUCTURES FOR RURAL ROADS
One of the important issues often
overlooked in road projects is the provision of low cost and readily maintainable
structures to cross streams and rivers. Many feeder and village roads are rendered
impassable at a few points along their length where they are crossed by water courses.
Although many technical manuals and standard design briefs have been published, they often
describe structures that require the import of expensive construction materials and
equipment, ie resources that are often not available to road authorities or contractors
working in rural areas of many countries.
DFID are currently supporting a
project to prepare a manual that will offer guidelines on the design and construction of
low cost structures that use local resources available in low income countries. The manual
will cover the provision of all structures that may be encountered on rural roads,
including; small and large culverts, vented fords and simple bridges. This will make it a
useful companion to TRL Overseas Road Note 9: Design Manual for Small Bridges which
predominately deals with structures on principal roads.
As the data and technical knowledge required to design and construct the proposed range of
highway structures is very broad it is envisaged that a series of design flow diagrams
will be used in the manual. These flow diagrams will enable users to bypass the
non-applicable sections for the structure that they are designing and highlight areas
where more expert technical assistance may be required. This format will make the manual
useful to local and regional government highway departments, private contractors and
consultants. The initial phase of the project has now been completed with the publication
of a report reviewing existing design briefs and guides. Copies of the report may be
obtained from Loughborough University (address on back page).
For further information contact
Paul Larcher,
Construction Enterprise Unit, Loughborough University,
Tel: +44 (0) 1509 222612, Email: p.a.larcher@lboro.ac.uk
DFID Project Reference R6851:
'Low cost structures for rural roads: A field manual'
Theme Objective T2
A COMPARISON OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT OPERATIONS
IN TANZANIA AND INDONESIA
Previous research has shown that
freight transport costs in Francophone Africa were in the region of four to five times the
costs of freight transport in Pakistan.
To investigate further the
differences in freight transport efficiency between Africa and Asia and to identify ways
that African freight transport costs could be reduced a DFID funded research study was
carried out by Mott MacDonald and TRL.
Surveys of freight transport
operators were carried out in Tanzania and Indonesia. The results have been published in
TRL Report 267 and suggest that in Tanzania long distance freight transport tariff rates
and overall tariff revenues per tonne-km are between two and five times those of Indonesia
and Pakistan respectively for various vehicle types and load categories.
A large proportion of the disparity
in tariffs between Tanzania and Indonesia appears to relate to the differences in vehicle
and fuel prices. For example a common two axle truck costs about US$22,000 in Indonesia,
compared with US$65,000 in Tanzania. A tractor and trailer in Indonesia costs
approximately half the equivalent in Tanzania. Fuel is particularly cheap in Indonesia at
US$ 0.166 per litre compared to US$ 0.435 per litre in Tanzania. Although there are some
differences in tax rates this was not a major factor in explaining the differences in
import prices.
The report identifies a range of
factors contributing to these differences including disparities in input prices,
utilisation, load factors, fuel efficiency and maintenance practices. A range of suggested
measures are also proposed to help improve efficiency and reduce transport costs.
For further information contact
John Ebden,
Mott MacDonald. Tel: +44 (0)181 686 5041,
Fax: +44 (0)181 681 5706.
DFID Project Reference R6420:
' Reducing the costs of freight in Africa'.
Theme T2.
MANAGEMENT OF APPROPRIATE ROAD TECHNOLOGY (MART)
The DFID funded MART programme is
preparing guidelines for the use of labour based and tractor technologies and the
development of small construction enterprises. The focus is support for the roadworks and
complementary sectors in economically emerging and developing countries. Separate
guidelines are being prepared in the key areas of :
- handtools
- intermediate equipment
- private sector development and
institution building
The needs of the intermediate
equipment sub-sector have been investigated through the MART initiative in cooperation
with the International Labour Office (ILO) and other organisations working in the road
sector. This has led to a recent MART publication: 'Agricultural Tractors in Roadworks'.
This working paper reviews the role and potential use of wheeled agricultural tractors for
road works in emerging and developing countries. It considers the rationale and range of
activities suitable for tractor applications in paved and unpaved road works.
Heavy civil engineering plant may
be appropriate for some large road construction and rehabilitation projects where the huge
investment may be justified and supportable. However for most roadworks, particularly
maintenance and smaller scale construction and rehabilitation works, tractor technology
can offer a capable, cheaper and more flexible investment which is better suited to the
situation of emerging and developing countries and their local contractors.
The paper demonstrates that tractor
technology should be part of a natural progression from purely labour operations through
to sophisticated heavy equipment roadworks, particularly with respect to capital
requirements. It also shows that the owning and operating costs of tractor equipment can
be considerably lower than for heavy plant to achieve the same work output.
The paper suggests that support for
intermediate equipment hire organisations could help to establish tractor technology and
reduce road infrastructure provision and maintenance costs.
For further information about the
MART Initiative or publications contact:
Paul Larcher, Institute of
Development Engineering, Loughborough University.
Fax: +44 (0)1509 211079, Email: p.a.larcher@lboro.ac.uk
DFID Project Reference R6238: 'Management of Appropriate Technology'
Theme Objective T2.
IMPACT STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF METRO SYSTEMS
ON THE URBAN POOR
PTRC Education and Research
Services has recently been awarded a research contract by DFID to investigate the impact
of the Cairo Metro on the city's urban poor and to compare the findings with other cities
in the developing world including Rio de Janeiro and Santiago.
In the 1980s the population of Greater Cairo was growing in excess of 4% per year and car
ownership at a staggering 17%, leading to severe traffic congestion, poor air quality and
high accident rates. However the greatest proportion of daily trips - some 60% - or more
were by public transport and hence bus passengers, mainly from the urban poor, were the
main victims of traffic congestion.
In order to relieve the problems of
congestion and poor public transport provision, the Egyptian Government embarked on large
scale investment in a mass transit metro system. The first section of line 1 opened in
1989 and the first section of the second line, between Mubarak and Shoubra El-Khaima,
opened in October 1996 serving a low income, high density area of the city thus offering a
unique opportunity to examine its impact on the urban poor.
The research will be carried out as
part of a collaborative project involving PTRC, the Transport Studies Group of the
University of Westminster, and a team of young staff at the Egyptian National Institute of
Transport (ENIT). The latter have returned to the Institute after gaining PhDs at various
British Universities financed by DFID, as part of a programme of Institutional support to
help ENIT become the focus point for transport education, training and research in Egypt
and the Arab world.
For further information contact: Dr
Andy Costain, PTRC
Tel: +44 (0)181 741 1516, Fax: +44 (0)181 741 5993.
DFID Project reference R6853: 'Impact of metro systems on provision of rural and urban
transport for the poor',
Theme Objective T3.
DFID FUNDING OF ROAD IMPROVEMENTS IN BELIZE
In January 1998 the Department for
International Development agreed to fund the reconstruction of 35 km of the Southern
Highway in Belize. This is currently a 150 km long earth road, which extends the length of
the southern half of the country. It is progressively being upgraded to bitumen standard
to help accelerate economic development. A current concern is the transportation of
produce in the banana and citrus industries and future projects will involve expansion of
the tourism and aquaculture industries.
The Consulting Engineer, WSP
International, invited TRL to identify and locate potential construction materials and
propose a pavement design.
The climate in this region is hot
and wet and every year flooding results in the road being impassable. As part of the
reconstruction, an embankment will be built to protect the road pavement and enable all
year round transport. The embankment material will comprise of clay dug from drainage
trenches on both sides of the road and from other selected areas.
The proposed pavement material is
limestone that will be mined from a new quarry in adjacent hills. Identification of this
quarry required careful field investigation: the terrain being precipitous and thickly
forested and the limestone riddled with caves and sink holes. Concern that quarrying would
result in serious environmental impact led to a detailed investigation by officials from
the Ministry of Natural Resources and overseas experts before the final selection of the
quarry area. Quarrying activities will be subject to on-going environmental monitoring as
the project proceeds.
Because of the inherent
difficulties of the quarrying, further studies have been proposed to determine the
suitability of local clays for pavement construction when stabilised with locally produced
lime and/or cement.
For further information contact: mr
Albie Hope,
WSP International, Tel: +44 (0)181 763 9363
Email: sueh@wsp-int.int.com
RECYCLING OF BITUMINOUS ROAD MATERIALS
It is estimated that over £10
billion are spent annually on roads in developing countries, much of this on road
rehabilitation. The most expensive element of the road pavement is the asphalt
(bitumen/aggregate mixture) which forms the surfacing and often forms the principal load
bearing layers of the road.
The cost of asphalt is typically
more than three times the cost of unbound aggregate, but when roads are rehabilitated the
asphalt is almost always removed and discarded as a waste product. Very large volumes of
good quality aggregate are therefore lost and new materials must be quarried to replace
the discarded material. The use of thick asphalt layers is increasing to keep pace with
expanding networks and ever greater traffic loadings. Large cost savings and a reduced
impact on the environment could be realised if the asphalt could be successfully recycled.
The composition and properties of
damaged asphalts must be taken into account before they can be recyled. Environmental
effects can cause asphalt surfacing materials to become brittle and severely cracked and
in such materials the bitumen can be very hard. In contrast there have been many
incidences in recent years of asphalt layers failing through plastic deformation under
heavy traffic. These materials have been over-compacted by traffic and their air voids
content reduced to a level which has resulted in a severe reduction in shear resistance.
Because these layers have low air voids contents the bitumen in the material remains
relatively very soft.
The recycling of bituminous
materials in road rehabilitation has been successfully carried out in Europe, USA, South
Africa and Australia. In some of these countries bituminous pavements have been produced
which contain in excess of 50% of recycled asphalt material.
Under a DFID funded research
project, TRL is currently carrying out a laboratory based study to formulate mix designs
incorporating recycled bituminous materials obtained from three road sites in East Africa.
The materials range from a severely hardened and cracked surfacing material to one which
has suffered catastrophic plastic deformation and contains bitumen which has remained
soft. The intention is to construct surfacing trials to evaluate the performance of the
recycled materials under significant levels of traffic loading.
For further information contact:
Harry Smith, TRL
Tel: +44 (0)1344 770223, Email hsmith@trl.co.uk
DFID Project Reference R6474: 'Recycling of bituminous road materials'
Theme Objective T2.
CURRENT DFID FUNDED KNOWLEDGE AND RESEARCH (KAR) PROJECTS
THEME T1
Reduce accidents and increase road safety in rural and urban areas
- Accident recording, investigation
and evaluation systems (R6883), TRL: Mr C J Baguley.
UK support and in country training provided for existing and new users of MAAP for
sustainability in the least advanced countries. Training to develop accident investigation
skills. Under reporting to be investigated using hospital records.
- Safety and road worthiness:
assessing urban and rural public transport (R6888), TRL: Mr T C Pearce.
Assess the scale of the problem resulting from accidents and the effect of varying
maintenance practices on bus fleets' roadworthiness. Role of vehicle usage and design in
bus accidents will be studied and recommendations developed for safer travel.
- Road safety education in
developing country schools and communities (R6890), TRL: Mr I Sayer.
Development of road safety education materials and teaching methods that bring about
improved road safety knowledge and attitudes by young road users in schools and community
groups in developing countries.
- Cost and safety design of rural
roads in developing countries (R6891), TRL: Mr C J Baguley.
Aspects of rural highway design identified that optimise costs and safety; detailed design
manual drafted; lookup tables relevant to models such as HDM generated. Manual published
and in country seminars conducted.
THEME T2
Reduce the costs of constructing,
rehabilitating and maintaining road infrastructure and vehicle operations.
- The design of stabilised sub-bases for very heavy traffic (R6027), TRL: Mr M J O'Connell
To develop material specifications for stabilised sub- base layers suitable for roads in
extreme tropical
climates and with very high traffic loads to improve the performance of roads and reduce
whole life costs.
- International study - highway
development and management tools (R6472), University of Birmingham: Dr H Kerali.
Final validation, implementation and dissemination of HDM-4 a road sector investment
appraisal model (replacing HDM-3 and RTIM3). This will incorporate new methods for
predicting road safety, environmental and non-motorised traffic effects, traffic
congestion, concrete roads, and other factors excluded from HDM-3.
- Longer life road surfacing using
bitumen modifiers (R6473), TRL: Mr H R Smith.
Develop recommendations for the use of bitumen modifiers in asphalt and surface dressings
which inhibit premature cracking associated with high temperatures and high levels of
radiation in tropical environments
- Recycling of bituminous road
materials (R6474), TRL: Mr H R Smith.
To establish methodologies which will allow damaged bituminous materials to be recovered
and modified for re-use in road structures.
- Promoting the use of volcanic
ash, a natural pozzolan (R6841), TRL: Mr M J O'Connell.
Use of volcanic ash for the construction of major civil engineering works to alleviate the
damage caused by recent volcanic eruptions, develop road and building technology and
promote commercial ventures.
Low cost structures for rural
roads: A field manual (R6851), Loughborough University: Mr D W J Miles.
Preparation of a practical field manual to encourage local engineers and contractors to
utilise local labour, skills and materials more effectively in the construction of low
cost and readily maintainable structures on rural and urban roads.
Appropriate and efficient
maintenance of rural feeder roads (R6852), Roughton International: Mr M J Carr.
An assessment and maintenance method will be developed for gravel rural feeder roads using
simple, affordable, yet novel techniques. The result will promote appropriate technology
and practice so maximising efficiency.
Promoting the use of lower cost
marginal materials (R6887), TRL: Mr M J O'Connell.
Guidelines promoting the use of low cost marginal materials in the road industry. Using
existing research where possible these will identify suitable applications for the use of
such materials and warn of the associated risks.
Transferring road maintenance into
the private sector (R6889), TRL: Mr C Parkman.
Critical assessment of the extent and nature of the adoption of contract road maintenance
procedures and the factors governing the successful transfer of road maintenance into the
private sector, to inform agency policy.
Secondary compaction of bituminous
materials (R6892), TRL: Mr H R Smith.
Develop a method of assessing the susceptibility of bituminous mixes to secondary
compaction under heavy traffic for use in the design of road surfacings which are more
durable and resistant to plastic deformation.
Benefits of structured highway and
earthwork maintenance (R6893), TRL: Mr W Heath.
Assess the benefit of applying maintenance programmes based on a number of identified key
factors that at present contribute to the poor maintenance of mountainous roads. Full
scale trials will be monitored using TRL's ECAT techniques. Guidelines will be produced.
Management guidelines and
performance models for unpaved roads (R6895), TRL: Mr T Toole.
Provide management guidelines on unpaved roads and motorable tracks for use by senior
engineers and planners and new road performance models for incorporation into HDM4 aimed
at improved access quality on rural roads and increased use of local resources.
Innovative compaction technology
for low volume roads (R6896), TRL: Mr P A K Greening.
Development of methods to improve compaction and performance of materials for low-volume,
low-cost and labour based sealed roads.
Dense bituminous surfacing for
developing countries: A guide (R6897), TRL: Mr C R Jones.
Produce a guide describing the design and construction of dense bituminous surfacings in
tropical climates. It will be targeted at engineers in the developing world and enable
them to supervise the construction of improved surfacings.
Guidelines on the selection and use
of road construction materials (R6898), TRL: Mr M J O'Connell.
Production and dissemination of a new Overseas Road Note containing concise but
comprehensive advice on the sampling and testing of granular materials and soils for the
construction and rehabilitation of roads in the developing world.
- Optimisation of cuts in residual
soils (R7114), University of Birmingham: Prof. M. Snaith.
A procedure for the design of cuttings in areas with lightly cemented or residual soils to
facilitate efficient resource management by reducing construction and maintenance costs
and environmental impact on the local community.
THEME T3
Improve the availability of cost-effective transport for the rural and urban poor,
including public transport and non-motorised modes.
Low cost animal cart technology
(R6475), University of Warwick: Dr C E Oram.
Field test and develop existing low-cost, highly promising DTU cart components and
designs: mild steel roller bearings, cast aluminium wheels and hubs, and easy-to-build
carts, and their potential for self propagation.
- Community participation in road
maintenance (R6476), IT Transport: Mr G A Taylor.
The project will develop guidelines to improve the planning and implementation of
initiatives to involve local rural communities in the maintenance and improvement of their
local roads and tracks
- The establishment of small scale
road transport contractors (R6477), Intech Associates: Mr W William.
Identify and promote awareness by public and private sectors of the benefits of
contracting road & maintenance work to small scale contractors using tractor
technology.
Gender issues in rural transport
(R6854), IFRTD: Ms P Fernando.
Through analysis of the impact of a range of interventions aims at developing practical
guidelines for the incorporation of gender concerns into the planning, design and
implementation of rural transport interventions.
Rural transport services in
sub-Saharan Africa enhancing the role of small and medium enterprises (R6882), Cranfield
University: Dr C P Crossley.
Enhance the contribution made by informal small industrial enterprises to the efficient
provision of rural transport services that are vital to the economies of developing
countries by identifying and reducing some key restraints.
Availability of rural transport
services (R6884), TRL: Mr S D Ellis.
Identify factors that inhibit the supply of rural transport services. Also investigate the
sensitivity of demand to changes in the price of transport. The findings will enhance the
capability of planners to improve the provision of rural transport services.
Barriers to the availability of
cost-effective transport (R6886), TRL: Mr G Gardner.
Provide a methodology for an Urban Transport Audit to rapidly assess a city's ability to
introduce cost-effective transport systems. Determine where blockages are occurring that
prevent the use of low cost appropriate traffic and safety measures.
- Effective means of transport of
water for the rural poor and low-cost motorised ambulance service for the rural poor. (R
number to be assigned)
IT Transport: Mr I Barwell.
THEME T4
Increase the efficiency of national and regional transport systems.
- Road planning, funding and funds
allocation (R6894), TRL: Mr J L Hine.
Identify the main constraints preventing the efficient planning and funding of the road
network, in particular procedural conflicts and institutional limitations. Innovative
funding and management methods eg, DBFO and BOT will be explored.
WORLD BANK/DFID TRAINING INITIATIVES
The World Bank currently promote a
number of training programmes, two of which were organised in 1997 with support from DFID.
Birmingham University organised a programme on Innovations in Road Management and Road
Fund Management, which will be repeated in April 1998.
TRL organised a programme on Managing and Financing Rural Transport, which was held in
Washington DC, USA. Attended by 24 participants from Africa and Asia, the two-week
programme focussed on the provision of rural transport in developing countries including
both infrastructure and transport services (often ignored in rural accessibility
initiatives). Following the success of this initial course, the next course will be held
at TRL, UK in October 1998.
For further details contact: Ian
Heggie, World Bank.
Fax: +1 202 522 3223, Email: iheggie@worldbank.org
Dr Henry Kerali, Birmingham University, Tel:+44 (0)121 414 5148.
Fax: +44 (0)121 414 3675, Email: r.h.g.kerali@bham.ac.uk
Linda Parsley, TRL. Tel: +44 (0)1344 770551,
Email: lparsley@trl.co.uk
UK UNIVERSITIES LAUNCH NEW TRANSPORTATION COURSES
Cranfield University
Cranfield University's School of Management has launched two new transportation courses
which will start in October 1998. The MSc and Postgraduate Diploma in Transportation
Management have been specifically designed to cater for the needs of participants from all
over the world, including those from emerging countries, and will have a specific focus
upon the management and planning of transportation systems within a commercial and/or
private context.
The MSc course involves 11 months
of full-time study from the beginning of October to September the following year. The
Postgraduate Diploma is essentially the first six months of the MSc course and runs
concurrently with it, finishing in March. Both courses can be studied on a part-time
basis.
For further information contact:
Noreen Munnelly, Cranfield School of Management,
Tel: +44 (0)1234 754068, E-mail: n.munnelly@cranfield.ac.uk
Aston University
Aston University and the Chartered Institute of Transport (CIT) in the UK have developed
two new MSc programmes in Logistics and Passenger Transport Management to enable planners
and managers to respond to the challenges facing the industry worldwide.
The programmes, which start in
September 1998 can be followed through CIT's proven Distance Learning system so that
career and family life disruption are minimised throughout the study period. A three year
programme structure leads to the award of a Post Graduate Certificate after 1 year, a Post
Graduate Diploma after 2 years and the award of an MSc in either Logistics or Passenger
Transport Management after 3 years (though the programme can be extended to 6 years if
required). Flexible entry requirements take account of both work experience and prior
academic attainments.
For further information contact:
Education Department, The Chartered Institute of Transport
Tel: +44 (0)171 467 9400, E-mail gen@citrans.org.uk
BOOK REVIEWS
Labour based road construction: A
state of the art review. Edited by P Larcher. Published by IT publications, 1998.
An output of the MART project (an
initiative funded by DFID at Loughborough University aiming to promote improvements in
road construction and maintenance through the best use of local resources and skills).is
this review which publishes information in the form of a series of papers which were
submitted for a competition. The papers fall into the two areas of the initiative, firstly
hand tools and intermediate equipment, and secondly private sector development and
institution building.
The first five papers address the
subject of intermediate equipment with particular emphasis on the need for robust designs.
Specific examples are given of the Kenya 3m3 trailer design and suitable associated towing
hitches, and more general overviews of other appropriate equipment are provided. The final
paper in this category describes the experience of the Africa Highlands Produce Company in
Kenya when maintaining their network of earth and gravel roads.
The remaining papers discuss the
issues concerned with development of small scale local contractors and draw on the
experience of Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Uganda and South Africa. Six papers give case studies
of individual countries, whilst the seventh provides a summary of the authors experience
in a number of countries. Whilst contractors require training and development in both
technical and business management skills, the lesson is also that client administrations
also require a significant degree of change if they are to successfully administer the
contracts.
The book will be of interest to
those seeking a broad summary of the issues involved in developing a labour based road
programme.
Reviewed by Chis Parkman, TRL
Transport and Developing Countries
by David Hilling.
Published by Routledge, 1996.
Unlike David Simon's introductory
'Transport and Development in the Third World', also published by Routledge in 1996 and
reviewed in Transport in November 1996, this book aims at providing 'insights into the
complex relationship between transport and development and the special problems of
Developing Countries trying to provide transport systems which will serve their
development aspirations and goals'.
In an initial chapter on transport
and development, Hilling acknowledges a link between levels of income and mobility but
pleads caution about assuming a casual supply-led link between transport and development.
He quotes examples where development has followed transport provision (such as tin mining
in Malaysia) and where it has not (such as railway construction in parts of Africa). He is
critical of `acts of faith' transport provision and advocates a focus on demand factors,
both revealed and latent.
There is much of interest in what
follows. Drawing upon over 350 references, Hilling provides a wealth of detail, if
sometimes far from usual transport experience. In a chapter on inland waterways, for
example, the reader is treated to the merits of 'pushing' versus 'pulling' of barges and
Chinese river quay design. Informative and stimulating chapters on railways, air, road and
city transport, ports and the development of maritime capability follow.
A final chapter on themes for the
future lays stress on the need to consider environmental impacts, joint public/private
enterprises, traffic regulation, enforcement of discipline and elimination of corrupt
practices. The general message of this book, albeit sometimes obscured by the detail, is
the need to provide transport services and facilities which match development aspirations
and take account of local conditions. Clearly investment in transport is not always a good
thing.
Reviewed by Brian Parker,
Independent Consultant.
RECENT
PUBLICATIONS
BOOKS
HILLING D, (1997). Transport and Developing Countries.
Published by Routledge, London, ISBN 0415 136 555, cost £1499 + p & p. (Routledge).
Larcher P, (1998). Labour-Based
Road Construction: A State of the Art Review.
Published by Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd, London. Cost: £11.95+p&p. (IT
Publications)
REPORTS
ORN 17
TRL (1997). Road Safety Education in Developing Countries - Guidelines for Good Practice
in Primary Schools. TRL Overseas Road Note 17. (£15*) (TRL)
TRL 265
SAYER, IA, CJ PALMER, G MURRAY and
J GUY (1997). Improving Road Safety Education in Developing Countries; Ghana. TRL Report
265. (£15*)(TRL)
TRL 267
HINE, JL, JH EBDEN and P SWAN
(1997). A Comparison of Freight Transport in Tanzania and Indonesia. TRL Report 267.
(£10*)(TRL)
LARCHER, P (1998). Low Cost
Structures for Rural Roads: A Review of existing books, manuals and design guides, 24pp,
Institute of Development Engineering. (Loughborough University).
MART Working Paper 6
LARCHER, P (1997). Private Sector
Development and Institution Building: A Select Bibliography and Literature Review, 32pp,
Institute of Development Engineering. (Loughborough University).
MART Working Paper 7
PETTS, R (1997). Agricultural
Tractors in Roadworks, 44pp, Institute of Development Engineering. (Loughborough
University).
MART Working Paper 8
DENNIS, R (1998). Results of a
Questionnaire on Handtools for
Labour-Based Roadworks, 16pp,
Institute of Development Engineering. (Loughborough University).
MART Working Paper 9
(1998). Effects of Worn Handtools on Worker Productivity in Labour-Based Roadworks, 26pp,
IT Transport, Institute of Development Engineering. (Loughborough University).
MART Working Paper 11
STIEDL, D (1998). Notes on the draft ICE Short Contract and its application for developing
Countries, 10pp, Institute of Development Engineering. (Loughborough University).
MART Working Paper 12
MILES, D & J. WARD (1998). Integrating Infrastructure and Small Enterprise Development
within Low-Income Communities: The Khuphuka Concept, 18pp, Institute of Development
Engineering. (Loughborough University).
PAPERS
HERMADI, M, B.AKOTO & AB
STERLING (1998). New Mix Composition to Increase the Storage Life of Indonesian Bitumen
Emulsion. 9th REAAA Conference, Wellington, NZ, May 1998. (PA3328/98) (TRL)
JONES, CR, WG FORD & MS HASIM
(1998). The Maintenance of Paved Roads in Malaysia: Performance of two Full Scale
Experiments. 9th REAAA Conference, Wellington, NZ, May 1998. (PA3329/98) (TRL)
KWAKYE, EA, PR. FOURACRE and D.
OFOSU-DORTE (1997). Developing strategies to meet the transport needs of the urban poor in
Ghana. World Transport Policy and Practice, Vol 3, No. 1. (PA3330/98)(TRL).
MAUNDER, DAC and T PEARCE (1998).
Bus Safety in Nepal. Indian Journal of Transport Management, Vol 22, No. 3,
March 1998. (PA3331/98)(TRL).
For copies of the above
publications, please contact the relevant organisation - indicated in brackets. Limited
numbers of TRL publications are free of charge to nationals from developing countries.
NEWSLETTER
EDITORS
Transport
Linda Parsley, Overseas Centre, Transport Research Laboratory, Old Wokingham Road,
Crowthorne, Berks
RG45 6AU, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1344 770551 Fax: +44 (0)1344 770719
Email: lparsley@trl.co.uk
Earthworks
Dr John Bennett, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)115 936 3465 Fax: +44 (0)115 936 3474
Email: j.d.bennett@bgs.ac.uk
Energy Efficiency
Dr Andrew Gilchrist, ETSU, Harwell, Oxon OX11 ORA, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1235 433589 Fax: +44 (0)1235 433727
Email: andy.gilchrist@aeat.co.uk
Urbanisation
Dr Andrew Cotton, Water, Engineering and Development Centre, Loughborough University,
Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1509 222885 Fax: +44 (0)1509 211079
Email: wedc@lboro.ac.uk
Water
Geoff Pearce, Overseas Development Unit, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxon
OX10 8BA, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1491 835381 Fax: +44 (0)1491 826352
Email: odunit@hrwallingford.co.uk
CONTACT
ADDRESSES
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