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- FOREWORD
-
- Welcome to issue 9 of the DFID Transport
newsletter. The current DFID KaR strategy (see article on this page) identifies Transport
as one of its sectoral components.
- Transport is an important contributor to
economic activity and development by facilitating trade locally, nationally and intern-
ationally. It also contributes to livelihoods, by providing access to jobs, education,
healthcare, agriculture and other services. With transport accounting for between 5 and
10% of GNP, the potential for enhancing economic and social development is substantial if
increased effectiveness can occur in the transport sector.
- The strategy recognises motorised road
transport as being the dominant mode. Priority is also given to addressing the needs of
pedestrians, non-motorised and intermediate modes which are of particular importance to
the poor.
- Projects in the Transport sector aim to
address the following goals:
- • Safety and impact of accident
particularly for poor people.
- • Reducing costs of constructing and
maintaining road infrastructure and road user costs.
- • Mobility of rural and urban poor for
meeting their livelihood needs.
- • Efficiency of national and regional
transport systems.
- The articles in this newsletter discuss
progress in several projects relating to these
- g o a l s .
- If you re q u i re further information on
any aspect of the KaR "Transport" programme and how it might benefit your
organisation contact:
- Mr Peter Roberts, Deputy Chief Engineering
Adviser, IUDD, DFID
- or Mr Tyrone Toole ,
International Division, TRL.
- FEEDBACK REQUIRED
- The editor and DFID are very interested to
have feedback from you, the reader, on the information provided in this newsletter on
projects and activities, as this provides anindication of the value of the research Some
of you have enquired further of project managers on specific projects and we hope that
this has been useful to you. Can you also provide some feedback to the editor on the value
that the research, its findings and results have meant to you in your work? Have you or
your organisation
- used any of the results of projects? Do you
have any examples where the research has led to improved operation, greater efficiency or
cost savings?
- We propose to reserve a column in future
newsletter editions to report your feedback comments. Here is your opportunity to get your
comments printed and initiate discussions which may lead to further research projects .
DIARY
OF FORTHCOMING EVENTS
- 79th Transportation Research Board
Annual Meeting
- 09 - 13 January 2000 Washington D.C.
USA
- O rganiser: TRB Tel: +301 694 5243
- Fax: +301 694 5124
- www.
national-academies.org/trb/meeting
- 2nd Asia Pacific Conference and
Exhibition on
- Transportation and the Environment
- 11 - 13 April 2000 Beijing,
People’s Republic of China
- Organiser: APTE 2000 Tel: +86 10
6491 4809
- Email: tcs@iicc.ac.cn
- www.iicc.ac.cn/economic/meeting/zxgs/apte.htm
CODATU 2000 - World Congress of Urban Transportation- 11 - 14 April 2000 Mexico City
- O rganiser: CODATU Tel: +33 04 72 04
77 02
- Fax: +33 04 72 04 77 01
- Email: codatu@entpe.fr
ORN 18 Promotion- 13 April 2000 Crowthorne, UK
- Organiser TRL
- Tel: +44 1344 770399 Fax: +44 1344
770356
- Email: international_enquiries@trl.co.uk
Strategic Management of Roads Course- 12 - 23 June 2000 Worthing, UK
- Organiser: Crown Agents
- Tel: +44 181 643 3311 Fax: +44 181
770 0479
- Email: hrd@crownagents.co.uk
Surface Transport 2000 Exhibition and Conference- 21 - 22 June 2000 Crowthorne, UK
- Organiser: TRL
- Tel: +44 (0)1344 770166 Fax: +44
(0)1344 770880
- Email: ppascoe@trl.co.uk
- www.trl.co.uk/st2000.htm
Management of Appropriate Technology in the Road- Sector for Developing and Emerging
Economies Course
- 26 - 30 June 2000 Crowthorne, UK
- Organiser: TRL/Intech
- Tel: +44 1344 770399 Fax: +44 1344
770356
- Email: international_enquiries@trl.co.uk
Roads and Transport in Developing Countries and Emerging Nations Course- 03 - 14 July 2000 Crowthorne, UK
- Organiser: T R L
- (contact as above)
- DFID TRANSPORT NEWSLETTER AND KAR PROJECT
DETAILS NOW ON THE INTERNET
The Knowledge and Research in Engineering:
Transport web site
www.trl.co.uk/dfid/dfid-kar-transport.htm
went live in April,
and has so far attracted over 2000 visitors. The site includes the full text of all
theDFID newsletters published since 1995 - including this one - in plain HTML and .pdf
format, as well as links to DFID and the other KAR sites, and a comprehensive list of
project summaries. The summaries, in particular, contain a wealth of useful information,
including project methodologies, results and conclusions, as well as lists of useful
references and contacts.
Don't forget to bookmark the site next time you are on-line: we want to know what you
think of the site, so don't hesitate to email us any comments or suggestions you may have
for future development.
ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE AND RESEARCH STRATEGY: 2000/05
- Engineering Knowledge and Research
(KaR) forms a substantial component of the Department for
- International Development’s
overall programme of research. Anew Engineering KaR strategy has
- recently been prepared in response
to the UK Government’s White Paper on International Development
(1997). The new strategy builds on the strength and experience of the previous programme
which has been applied for the last five years.
- The strategy comprises six sectoral
components: Energy, Geosciences, Information and Communications
Technology, Transport, Urbanisation, Water Supply and Sanitation. Sub-themes
- have been defined within each sector
to focus the research programme on DFID’s objectives. The
- sub-themes may be modified during
the KaR programme to better respond to the target strategies
- which DFID is currently preparing.
These show how DFID will address the International Development
- Targets, the main measures of
progress towards the objectives of the White Paper.
- DFID’s aim requires that the
outcomes of the research programme should have increasingly clear
- direct or indirect impacts on the
elimination of poverty. In addition the new strategy lays particular
- emphasis on the following aspects.
- • Contribute to the global pool
of engineering knowledge in line with DFID objectives. Thus a key element of the strategy
will be to strengthen collaboration with other agencies with compatible
- objectives.
- • Strengthen links to the
demand for information knowledge from the North by the South. This will
- involve more informative feedback on
current research and past outcomes, greater collaboration
- with representative organisations
from the South and closer understanding of the requirements of
- beneficiaries
.
- • Linked to a better
understanding of demand is a strong commitment to improve the dissemination
- of engineering information and
knowledge. DFID shall commission studies to better understand how
engineering knowledge is used and how they may help organisations and individuals in the
South to more effectively access, adapt and adopt available information and knowledge.
Dissemination
- frameworks shall be established
within which research outcomes will be made available more
- effectively.
- • In view of the innovative
aspects of the programme, monitoring and evaluation will be strengthened to improve
learning from the successful initiatives.
- The engineering KaR programme will
be managed within the Infrastructure and Urban Development
- Department under the responsibility
of the Deputy Chief Engineering Adviser. Specialist advisers will
- be responsible for each sectoral
component of the programme. Implementation of the strategy continues
to be guided by an international steering group which will advise on improving the
response to the overall objectives. The group will advise on the selection of projects
submitted as competitive applications in respect of the sectoral sub-themes. A new
component will be to commission specific activities to address key knowledge gaps within
the scope of the programme. DFID will seek to identify such gaps in consultation with
relevant international specialists in the sectors concerned.
TOWARDS
BETTER ROADS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
- Background
- Good roads play a vital role in
development and hence considerable resources are invested in them by
countries and donor aid agencies. In southern Africa most secondary roads are earth or
gravel. The construction and maintenance of surfaced roads are perceived as expensive but
they do play an important role in providing all-weather access linking health centres,
schools, markets, jobs and other communities, all essential to improving rural
- livelihoods.
- The Research Programme
- TRL has recently completed a six
year programme of research to investigate and propose innovative,
cost-effective and environmentally sensitive approaches to building and maintaining low
traffic sealed roads. The programme was co-funded by DFID, the Swedish International
Development Agency (Sida), the Norwegian Aid and Development Department (NORAD) and the
- European Union (EU), working in
partnership with the Roads Departments in the countries concerned.
- Partnership Development
- The development of enduring
partnerships with agencies and government departments within
developing countries is vital to the success of the research and the sustainable
application of that
- research in the long term. TRL have
developed sound working partnerships with the Roads Departments in
Botswana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe and regional organisations such as the
- Southern African Transport and
CommunicationsCommission (SATCC).
- Research Achievements
- 1. Road sections previously built
using below-specification materials were identified and monitored.
Deterioration of these roads is primarily controlled by environmental factors such as
climate and drainage rather than by traffic. Providing that the roadbase is kept
relatively dry, high in-service pavement strengths are obtained. In these conditions
materials considered as sub-standard can be used as roadbases. Revised design tables and
materials specifications have been produced for secondary roads carrying up to 1 million
standard axles.
- 2. The research also focussed on
roadbases chemically stabilised with lime and cement. They
- were still in good condition long
after the end of their design lives, showing that stabilisation is a
- cost-effective method of improving
materials. Additional laboratory tests and construction techniques
have been recommended to ensure long-term durability of the materials.
- 3. Computer databases were
established in Malawi and Zimbabwe aimed at preserving the materials
and construction data collected during the construction of roads. Investment in these data
is worth an estimated £5 million in Zimbabwe
- alone. By linking these databases to Geographical Information System (GIS) software maps can be produced and
the spatial distribution of the materials can be better understood and the information
used for future projects.
- 4. An investigation of the
environmental impact of extracting road-building materials was
carried
- out. Besides being unsightly,
current practices are potentially damaging to health and
agriculture.
- Revised practices were devised and
tested in Malawi and if successful will reduce some adverse impacts
at little additional cost to construction projects.
- Conclusions and Dissemination
- Workshops were held in the
participating countries
- with over 140 practitioners from the
road sector attending. Feed-back from the discussions has been
- incorporated into the final designs
and specifications.
- The research indicates that
construction costs of low-volume sealed roads can be significantly
- reduced. Potential investment
savings on road projects in the region are estimated to be in excess
of £100 million over the next 10-15 years. This excludes the additional benefits from the
reduced
- environmental impacts, improved
availability of data for road planning and the preservation of
rapidly depleting material resources.
- Future developments
- A new
DFID-funded project, ‘R7443:Reducing whole costs in environmentally optimised
designs’
- intends to extend the concepts
developed for the design and construction of low volume sealed roads
to other climatic regions of the world.
- For further information contact
- Colin Gourley or Tony Greening of TRL.
- Tel: +44 (0) 1344 770491
- Fax: +44 (0) 1344 770356.
- Email: cgourley@trl.co.uk,
tonyg@internet.co.zw
- DFID Projects Reference: R6020: ‘Natural gravels for
roadbuilding;
- R6021: ‘Environment and roadbuilding’; R6022:
‘Materials database
- for the SADC region of southern Africa’.
- Theme Objectives: T2 & G4.
- FUNDING ISSUES FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS
- Rural transport infrastructure in
developing countries consists of two types: adopted roads, where
local government is usually responsible for maintenance; and other roads, tracks, paths
and footbridges, informally "owned" by the communities.
- Whilst government and donor
financing (in the case of community roads often in the form of rural
development or social funds) is available for construction, funding for maintenance of
these roads is usually inadequate. The reasons includeweakly developed
local government, inadequate local managing and financing capacity and frequently
unclear legal status and ownership of the roads. The maintenance of local government roads
depends mainly on unreliable central to local government transfer of funds, while
community roads usually have to rely on self-help efforts. Additionally, financing
capacity and affordability are often ignored so that the roads are either too many in
number or not built to appropriatestandards and cannot subsequently be properly managed.
- The capacity of local government to
finance road maintenance is strongly linked to fiscal
decentralisation. Local mobilisation of resources should be encouraged through matching
grant arrangements. Cost share arrangements should be put in place, based on affordability
criteria and differentiated for urban and rural local governments. In the case of the
communities, their lack of legal status makes it difficult to transfer public funds to
them, so establishing a legal framework for
- local ownership and finance of
transport infrastructure is crucial. Road Funds can be an effective
mechanism for local road maintenance financing provided the Road Fund Boards include local
representatives.
- In many developed countries
community roads are privately managed through road user associations
subsidised from central and local government funds. In developing countries private
financing often takes the form of self-help typically as "in-kind" labour or
material contributions. These efforts need to be assisted by matching transfers from
central and/or local government or road funds combined with technical assistance from road
agencies or consultants.
-
- For further information contact: Mr Dieter
Schelling, World Bank.
- Tel: +00-1-202-4735722 Fax: +00-1-202-5223223
- Email: dschelling@worldbank.org
MAINTAINING LOW COST RURAL ROADS EFFECTIVELY
Roughton International and the
Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham are working to develop maintenance approaches
for low cost rural roads.
- Rural roads are usually not part of
the notified national network but provide the only vehicular
- access for rural communities to
health care, education and trade. Simple and affordable maintenance techniques are
therefore required, with procedures geared to the level of an experienced foreman or
supervisor rather than to an engineer, using tools and materials within their budget and
maintenance competence.
- The project addresses several issues
related to low cost rural road maintenance:
- - identifies and explores the issues
affecting rural road maintenance by compiling the views of people involved and by a review
of literature already available
- - reviews current road materials
management practice and guides
- - develops a simple method for
assessing rural roads and materials
- - proposes an innovative chemical
stabilisation method for rural road maintenance
- - recommends a maintenance management system, suitable for local staff
- Each element of the project will
culminate in advice to aid maintenance methods for low cost rural roads and thereby
promote appropriate technology and practice. Formal guidance notes will be produced to
disseminate the information to practitioners.
-
- For further information contact: Mr
Simon Gillett of Roughton International
- Tel: +44 (0) 1703 705533
- Fax: +44 (0) 1703 701060
- Email: simon.gillett@compuserve.com
- DFID Project Reference: R6852
‘Appropriate and efficient
- maintenance of rural feeder
roads’
- Theme Objective: T2
BUS
SAFETY PROBLEM HIGHLIGHTED
- Almost 70% of the world annual total
of 800,000 fatalities and 10+ million injuries occur as a result of road accidents in the
developing or emerging world. As in the developed world it is the poorer sections of the
communities who travel by bus. This accident toll has a direct impact on poverty and
sustainability as a result of lost lives and incomes.
- In many developing countries, road
accidents are increasing at a higher rate than traffic levels and public transport
vehicles are involved in accidents out of all proportion to their numbers. DFID funded
research in Africa and Asia has high-lighted the high level of accidents involving public
transport vehicles. In Nepal, for example, buses were involved in only 14% of the total
accidents but generated 39% of all road fatalities and 60% of casualties in a 12-month
period.
- As public transport services are
liberalised so profitability is maximised by reducing costs rather than increasing
efficiency.
- The requirement for a safety culture
should be evident considering the number of passengers transported by bus. However, driver
behaviour and general safety practices suffer under the joint influences of deregulation
and poor enforcement. In addition to poor maintenance, inadequate bus design and standards
of construction affect the passengers chances of survival. The bus structure not only
fails to protect people during the accident itself but also to ensure the integrity of the
bus structure enabling passengers to escape rapidly from the wrecked vehicle.
- The research also indicates a need
for improvement in driver behaviour, as shown in the figure, and better road safety
education for all road users.
- For further information contact Tim Pearce at
TRL,
- Tel: 44 (0) 1344 770339, Fax: 44 (0) 1344
770356, Email: tpearce@trl.co.uk
- DFID Project Reference: R6888,
- Theme Objective T3
GETTING
TO THE ROOT OF THE PROBLEM
Donors have poured billions of
dollars into the highway systems of poor countries during the last thirty years. This huge
investment has, in general, underperformed. The assets thus created have had to be built
all over again.
- The donor community has recently
started to address the underlying causes of this sad story, largely
attributable to the institutional weakness of recipient government roads agencies.
Consultants are now helping governments and aid agencies to address institutional
under-achievement. Three examples of institutional strengthening projects are given below,
illustrating current approaches.
- In Nepal a technical cooperation
project funded jointly by DFID and the SwissDevelopment Corporation is now in its eighth
year. In this assignment adviserswork with the Director of Roads to establish and
implement a strategy emphasising sustainable rather than immediate
improvements. The consultants are working to build up a 'constituency for change'
within the Department. A beneficial sideeffect has been the Department's increased
confidence in encouraging the donor
- community to contribute to an agreed and understood highway strategy.
- In Bangladesh DFID is funding the
Institutional Development Component of a large IDA-led road sector
improvement programme. Consultants are working with the Roads & Highways Department
(RHD) on a broad programme of institutional strengthening and training. Acentral tenet is
the adoption of a Logical Framework setting out the project's goals, showing the inputs
and outputs required to attain them, and specifying how progress will be evaluated. A
fundamental aim is to
- promote the concept of roads as a
business as a basis for introducing new management methods, better
accounting, more accountability and acceptance of the idea that the mission of RHD is to
provide a service.
- Another DFID project is about to
start in Ethiopia, where consultants have recently been appointed to
help the Ethiopian Roads Authority introduce a new maintenance system based on contracting
out work to the private sector, requiringradical changes in the way the Authority
operates.
-
- For more information contact Albie Hope at
WSP International.
- Tel: +44 (0) 1293 602600. Fax: +44 (0) 1293
602699.
- Email: sueh@wsp-int.com
RURAL
ROAD SAFETY BY DESIGN
- In recent years highway engineers in
many parts of the world have come to appreciate how
- their designs can have a profound
effect upon accident rates on their roads. The DFID-funded
- TRL manual "Towards Safer Roads
in Developing Countries" published in 1991 played a major
- role in raising this awareness.
- It is always difficult for highway
designers, particularly in developing countries, to balance "safe"
designs and low construction costs. However, examples exist where design standards
adopted for engineering reasons are inherently safer for road users.
- Developing countries face their own
particular safety problems that frequently lead to high accident rates. For example, as a
result of the generally lower standards of living, there tend to be
much higher numbers of vulnerable road users in rural areas. These are often pedestrians
or cyclists who usually represent the poorest sectors of communities. With safety
conscious design, it is often possible to provide road environments that will afford
vulnerable road users a much-reduced risk of collision with motorised vehicles.
- Unfortunately, there are many cases
even today, often due to economic pressures, where features that will inevitably lead to
serious safety problems are still being constructed. For example, in a recent project in
Africa a major rural link is beingupgraded at relatively high cost, and yet steep
sideslopes (1:1.5) have beenincorporated in the design (see photo below right). If a
vehicle were to leave the carriageway at speed (perhaps having taken evasive action, and
assuming no crash fence is provided), it could very easily roll over as it careers down
the steep embankment. This may well result in grave injuries or death to theoccupants
– and the victims could be numerous if that vehicle is a bus.
- DFID has therefore commissioned TRL
to carry out a Cost-and-Safety Efficient (CASE) Design project, the aim of which is to
attempt to identify, using information from developing countries, those aspects of highway
planning and design where costs and safety can be optimised. This information will be made
available to practising highway engineers and used in the production of new
- minimum road standards.
- For the results to be reliable and
to take account of the many factors involved in road accidents, a relatively large data
sample needs to be acquired. TRL is using the new generation of digital camcorders with
vibration correction that can be clamped to a vehicle to collect film whilst travelling at
about 50km/h along a road. Sample digital photographs are being captured on computer from
this video film every 100m in each direction. This is being carried out on selected
sections of road for which there are reasonably good accident records in four African and
two Asian countries. A variety of features like road and shoulder widths, sight distance,
road condition, land-use etc are being classified in each photo sample and, together
with traffic and other road
- design parameters, an attempt will
be made to relate these to actual accident recordings. Ultimately, it is hoped that the
gap between cost-conscious and safety-conscious design for highway projects can be bridged
for the benefit of all road users .
- For further information contact:
Chris Baguley or Brian Hills of TRL
- Tel: +44 (0) 1344 770167 or 770268
Fax: +44 (0) 1344 770356
- Email: cbaguley@trl.co.uk or bhills@trl.co.uk
-
TRL
RESEARCH CAPABILITIES ENHANCED
TRL has recently signed two
important agreements to promote collaborative research and improve dissemination.
- In April 1999 a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) was signed with the transport arm of the CSIR of
South Africa. Both TRL and CSIR Transportek have worked closely for a number of years,
especially in sub Saharan Africa. The partnership should improve the range of research
capabilities of both organisations, resulting in an enhanced service to clients and donor
agencies and increasing the rate at which the results of research are implemented for the
benefit of society.
- Also earlier this year, a MoU was
signed by representatives of the British and Philippines Governments
supporting collaborative research between the Bureau of Research and Standards of the
Department of Public Works and TRL. The research, reported in the November 1998
Newsletter, is aimed at gaining a better understanding and increasing the utilisation of
road building materials. Specific projects are focussed on using volcanic ash in road
construction, the incorporation of bitumen modifiers to improve the durability of asphalt
pavements and testing methods of rehabilitating concrete pavements.
WORLD
ROAD CONGRESS KUALA LUMPUR
The 21st Congress of the World Road
Association (PIARC) held in Kuala Lumpur from 3rd to 9th October saw several presentations
from DFID, including a keynote paper on "The Role of Secondary Rural Roads and
Economic and Social Development in Developing Countries ".
- An important booklet entitled
"Save your Country’s Roads", was launched at the
Ministers Session. This booklet is a short briefing document aimed at Cabinet and senior
government level to raise awareness of key decision-takers on the importance of allocating
adequate finance for road maintenance. It has been produced by DFID in French and English
and can be obtained from them providing a strategy for its promotion
exists.
- DFID collaborate with PIARC in a
number of ways, including participation on various committees and funding of research. The
Congress provided the opportunity for dissemination of DFID research with TRL
presenting five papers based on the Knowledge and Research (KaR) programme. The purpose of
this effort is to encourage improved transport facilities for poor people. DFID seeks to
continue its present collaboration with PIARC, since there are a range of
transport-related subjects of mutual interest.
- The Congress also saw the worldwide
public launch of the Highway Development and
- Management System (HDM-4). PIARC
leads the global implementation of HDM-4, including training
- and dissemination activities, with
sponsorship from DFID and other aid agencies.
- For those of you unfamiliar with the
World Road Association, it was founded in 1909 and is the oldest
- international organisation concerned
with roads and road engineering. It is non-political and
non-profit-making with headquarters in Paris. It comprises several categories of members,
ranging from Governments to Regional Authorities to collective and individual members. The
mission of PIARC is to improve international co-operation and be recognised as an
effective source of impartial and authoritative knowledge on road policies, management and
technology in a global context.
NEW
TRL OVERSEAS ROAD NOTE
- ORN 18: A guide to the pavement
evaluation and maintenance of bitumen-surfaced roads in tropical and sub-tropical
countries
- Overseas Road Note 18 gives guidance
on roadpavement evaluation procedures suitable for
- bituminous-surfaced roads in
tropical and sub-tropical climates and reviews alternative methods of maintenance and
repair. It is intended primarily for highway engineers who are responsible for maintaining
roads in tropical and sub-tropical environments but the techniques and principles on which
it is based are equally applicable in other environments. It was produced as a result of
DFID-funded research and is a synthesis of the knowledge and experience of TRL engineers,
combined with the recommendations of other road authorities around the world.
- Paved roads in tropical and
sub-tropical climates often deteriorate in different ways to those in the
- more temperate regions of the world,
because of the harsh climatic conditions and often a lack of
- good road pavement materials. In
addition, roads in many countries often suffer from accelerated failures caused by
variable quality control during construction, high axle loads and inadequate
- funding for maintenance.
- The Overseas Road Note describes the
causes of the more common forms of pavement deterioration
- that occur in tropical climates and
details methods of evaluation to establish the nature, severity and
- extent of the pavement defects. It
reviews the use of both non-destructive and destructive pavement
- tests and gives TRL recommendations
on test procedures in an extensive series of appendices. It
- then describes how the results of
the recommended test procedures can be interpreted to identify the causes of the
deterioration and to assess the strength of the existing road.
- ORN18 concludes by recommending
suitable maintenance treatments for the more common forms of pavement deterioration found
in tropical climates and reviews alternative rehabilitation design procedures and comments
on their limitations and advantages.
-
- To obtain a copy
of ORN18, contact TRL international_enquiries@trl.co.uk
- For more detailed information,
attend the promotion event at TRL,
- Crowthorne on 13 April 2000.
- RECENT PUBLICATIONS
-
- BOOKS
- PIARC/DFID (1999)
- Save your country’s roads – how
road maintenance gets transport moving.
- Published by PIARC/DFID. ISBN 1 86 192181
0.
- (Contact DFID)
- REPORTS
- ORN18 TRL (1999).
- A guide to the pavement evaluation and
maintenance of bitumen-surfaced roads in tropical and sub-tropical countries. (£10) (TRL)
- TRL 389
- ROLT, J, M YOUSEF and O T FAROUKI
- Properties of sand-sulphur-bitumen mixes for
road pavements and influence of ageing.
- TRLReport 389. (£10) (TRL)
- PAPERS
- PA3430/99 MAUNDER, D A C and T PEARCE
- (1999) ‘Public transport safety in
Nepal and Zimbabwe’. Highways and Transportation, 46, (10) 36-37.
- PA 3474/99 MAUNDER, D A C, T C PEARCE, D M
BABU and N B NYACHHYON.
- ‘The safety of public transport
services in Nepal and India inan Environment of deregulation and privatisation’. CIT
International Conference, New Delhi, India, October 1999.
- PA 3505/99 MOROSIUK, G, C R JONES and M
HAMEED.
- ‘Performance of asphalt concrete
overlays in Malaysia’. XXI st World Road Congress, PIARC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 3-
9 October 1999.
- PA 3506/99 MOROSIUK, G, A STERLING and S
MAHMUD.
- Roughness progressions and appropriate
maintenance strategies for inter-urban roads in Indonesia. XXI st World Road Congress,
PIARC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 3- 9 October 1999.
- PA 3510/99 PARKMAN, C and K MADELIN.
- Improving the delivery of road management.
XXI st World Road Congress, PIARC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 3 - 9 October 1999.
- PA 3511/99 SMITH, H R, J H G WAMBURA and J N
MAINA.
- Kenya bituminous materials study. XXI st
World Road Congress, PIARC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
- 3- 9 October 1999.
- PA 3512/99 WOODBRIDGE, M E, J R COOK and B
SAROSO.
- The methodology and results of slope
stability studies in Indonesia. XXI st World Road Congress, PIARC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
3 - 9 October 1999.
- PA3513/99 GREENING, P A K, C GOURLEY and J
TOURNEE.
- Increasing skills of labour-based
contractors through the transfer of appropriate road surfacing technology. Capsa 99. 7th
conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern Africa, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 29th August
-2nd September 1999.
- ELLIS, C I.
- The role of secondary rural roads in
economic and social development in developing
- countries. Keynote paper presented at XXI st
World Road Congress, PIARC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 3 - 9 October 1999. Due to be
published by REAAA in early 2000
For copies of the above
publications,please contact TRL unless otherwise stated. Limited numbers of TRL
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NEWSLETTER
EDITORS
- Transport
Ms Linda Parsley, International Division, Transport Research Laboratory, Old Wokingham
Road, Crowthorne, Berks RG45 6AU, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1344 770551 Fax: +44 (0)1344 770719
Email: lparsley@trl.co.uk
- Web site: www.trl.co.uk/dfid/dfid-kar-transport.htm
Earthworks
Dr David Greenbaum, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)115 936 3224 Fax: +44 (0)115 936 3474
Email: d.greenbaum@bgs.ac.uk - Web site: www.bgs.ac.uk/dfid-kar-geoscience/
Energy Efficiency
Clive Caffall, ETSU, 156 Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 ORA, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1235 433591 Fax: +44 (0)1235 433548
Email: clive.caffall@aeat.co.uk- Web site: www.etsu.com/dfid-kar-energy/home.html
Urbanisation
Mr Darren Saywell, Water, Engineering and Development Centre, (WEDC), Loughborough
University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1509 222890 Fax: +44 (0)1509 211079
Email: d.l.saywell@lboro.ac.uk - Web site: www.lboro.ac.uk/garnet/urbankar/dfid-karurban.html
Water
Geoff Pearce, Overseas Development Unit, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxon
OX10 8BA, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1491 835381 Fax: +44 (0)1491 826352
Email: odunit@hrwallingford.co.uk- Web site: www.hrwallingford.co.uk/projects/dfid-kar-water.html
CONTACT
ADDRESSES
- DFID, 94 Victoria Street London,
SW1E 5JL UK
- FAX:+44(0)181 770 0072
- PIARC (World Road Association) La
Grande Arch e - Paroi
- Nord - Niveau 892055 La Defense
CEDEX 04 France
- FAX: 33 (1) 49 00 02 02
- Roughton International, 321
Millbrook Road West, Southampton
- Hampshire, SO15 0HW
- FAX:+44 (0) 1703 701060
- School of Civil Engineering, The
University of Nottingham
- Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- FAX +44 (0) 115 951 3898
- Transport Research Laboratory, Old
Wokingham Road
- Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6AU, UK
- FAX: +44(0)1344 770356
- School of Civil Engineering , The
University of Birmingham
- Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- FAX:+44 (0) 121 414 5049
- The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW,
Washington DC 20433 USA
- FAX: +1 202 522 1500
- WSP International, First Point,
Buckingham Gate, Gatwick Airport ,
- West Sussex RH6 0NT, UK
- FAX: +44 (0) 1293 602 699
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